1987 Philippine Constitution Key Articles & Amendments for Civil Service Exam

Top Articles Tested in the Civil Service Exam

The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines forms the core foundation of the General Information section. Questions focus on citizen rights, public accountability, and government structure.

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### Article III: Bill of Rights (Key Sections)

- **Section 1 (Due Process & Equal Protection):** No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

- **Section 2 (Search and Seizure):** Warrants require probable cause determined personally by a judge after examination under oath. - **Section 4 (Free Speech & Press):** Freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. - **Section 7 (Right to Information):** Access to official records, documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions shall be afforded the citizen. - **Section 12 (Miranda Rights):** Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel.

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Article XI: Accountability of Public Officers

> *"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives."* — Section 1, Article XI

- **Impeachable Officers (Section 2):** President, Vice-President, Members of the Supreme Court, Members of Constitutional Commissions (CSC, COMELEC, COA), and the Ombudsman.

- **Grounds for Impeachment:** Culpable violation of the Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption, other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust.

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Article IX: Constitutional Commissions

The three Independent Constitutional Commissions created by the 1987 Constitution are:

1. **Civil Service Commission (CSC):** The central personnel agency of the Government (Article IX-B).

2. **Commission on Elections (COMELEC):** Enforces and administers all laws relative to the conduct of elections (Article IX-C). 3. **Commission on Audit (COA):** Examines, audits, and settles all accounts pertaining to revenue and expenditures of government funds and properties (Article IX-D).